تمام اختلالات روانی در راهنمای تشخیصی و آماری یا همان مرجع DSM علائم مشخصی دارند که عموم متخصصین از این علائم بعنوان الگویی برای مصاحبه و تشخیص استفاده می کنند . در زیر شرح این علائم عنوان شده است :
ملاک A:
الگوی های فراگیر بی توجهی و یا بیش فعالی- تکانشگری که باعث اختلال در عملکرد اجتماعی، تحصیلی یا شغلی می شود و خصوصیت اصلی آن ملاک ۱ یا ۲ است.
۱. بی توجهی: شش سمپتوم زیر (یا تعداد بیشتر) دست کم به مدت ۶ ماه تا حدی ادامه می یابند که شدت و درجه آنها با سطح رشد ناهماهنگ هستند و بر فعالیت های اجتماعی و تحصیلی/ شغلی تاثیر منفی می گذراند:
سمپتوم a:
فرد معمولا به جزییات توجه نمی کند یا در تکالیف مدرسه، وظایف شغلی و یا سایر فعالیت ها بخاطر بی دقتی دچار اشتباه می شود.
سمپتوم b:
اغلب در حفظ توجه خود جهت کارهای جدی یا فعالیت های تفریحی مشکل دارد.
سمپتوم c:
وقتی کسی مستقیم با او حرف می زند، معمولا گوش نمی دهد.
سمپتوم d:
اغلب نمی تواند گام به گام و طبق دستورالعمل ها پیش برود و نمی تواند تکالیف درسی، کارهای عادی و روزمره، یا وظایف را در محل کار کامل کند.
سمپتوم e:
اغلب در نظم دادن و سازمان دادن به تکالیف و فعالیت ها مشکل دارد.
سمپتوم f:
اغلب از انجام کارهایی که به تلاش ذهنی مداوم نیاز دارند اجتناب می کند، از آنها بیزار است یا مایل به انجام دادن آنها نیست.
سمپتوم g:
اغلب لوازم ضروری برای انجام تکالیف یا کارهای مختلف را گم می کند.
سمپتوم h:
اغلبه در مقابل محرکهای مزاحم و نامربوط به راحتی حواسپرت می شود.
سمپتوم i:
اغلب کارهای های روزمره خود را فراموش می کند
٢. بیش فعالی و تکانشگری: شش نشانه زیر(یا تعداد بیشتر) دست کم به مدت ۶ ماه ادامه می یابند، شدت و درجه آنها با سطح رشد ناهماهنگ هستند و بر فعالیتهای اجتماعی و تحصیلی شغلی مستقیماً تأثیر منفی می گذارند:
سمپتوم a:
وقتی نشسته، اغلب دست ها و پاهای خود را تکان می دهد.
سمپتوم b:
در مواقعی که انتظار می رود روی صندلی خود بنشیند، اغلب صندلی خود را ترک می کند.
سمپتوم c:
در موقعیت های نامناسب، این طرف و آن طرف می دود یا از وسایل مختلف بالا می رود.
سمپتوم d:
اغلب نمی تواند بدون سروصدا بازی کند یا به فعالیتهای تفریحی بپردازد.
سمپتوم e:
همیشه “در حال جنب و جوش” است، طوری که هر لحظه ممکن است حرکت کند.
سمپتوم f:
اغلب بیش از انداره حرف می زند.
سمپتوم g:
اغلب قبل از اینکه سؤالی کامل شده باشد، ناگهان پاسخ می دهد
سمپتوم h:
اغلب در نوبت ماندن مشکل دارد.
سمپتوم i:
اغلب مزاحم کارهای دیگران می شود.
معيار B:
قبا از ۱۲ سالگی چند نشانه بی توجهی یا بیش فعالی – تکانشگری وجود داشته اند.
معيار C:
چند نشانهٔ بی توجهی یا بیش فعالی – تکانشگری در دو موقعیت یا بیشتر وجود دارند.
معيار D:
سمپتوم ها ها در عملکرد اجتماعی، تحصیلی یا شعلی اختلال ایجاد می کنند یا کیفیت آن را کاهش می دهند.
معيار E:
سمپتوم ها منحصراً در طول دوره اسکیزوفرنی یا اختلال روانپریشی دیگر روی نمی دهند و اختلال روانی دیگری (مثل اختلال خلقی، اختلال اضطرابی اختلال تجزیهای اختلال شخصیت مسمومیت یا ترک مواد) آنها را بهتر توجیه نمی کند.
این اختلال قبل از ۱۲ سالگی است( در DSM_IV قبل از ۷ سال بود)
نشانه ها حداقل در دو محیط مانند خانه و مدرسه دیده شوند.
? برای اختلال ADHD دو نکته از نظر DSM5 مورد تاکید است:
? برای اختلال ADHD دو نکته از نظر DSM5 مورد تاکید است:
این اختلال قبل از ۱۲ سالگی است.
نشانه ها حداقل در دو محیط مانند خانه و مدرسه دیده شوند.
ای دی اچ دی ، بیش فعالی و نقص توجه
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